Beliefs and Values of an Unethical Criminal Justice System

The criminal justice system is a system of law enforcement that is involved in prosecuting, sentencing, and punishing those who have committed a criminal offence. When every member of society is aware of their individual rights and the laws enforced, the criminal justice system is very effective, but when a contributor to society is mentally insane and commits a criminal offence everything changes. In Frontline’s A Crime of Insanity, a twenty-six year old psychology student, Ralph Tortoricci, walked across the Albany campus of the State University of New York with a hunting knife and a Remington .270 rifle. He took a class hostage and later wounded a nineteen year old sophomore. Ralph obviously committed a crime but the problem is: was he†¦show more content†¦There are many different aspects to a case, but there was an obvious amount of evidence that Ralph was mentally ill and needed help. If the court sentenced Ralph Tortoricci to a mental institution he would still be isolated from society for just as long if not longer than sentencing him to jail, but he would have also been getting daily assistance to help him recover from his mental illness. Throughout the film, it was evident that Ralph needed help. There were signs that he was struggling with his sanity, yet his family members never seemed to step in and get him help. If Ralph’s family was more involved, they would have noticed signs throughout his teen years that could have aided in his mental health. The main underlying issue I personally have of this entire trial is the fact that the prosecutor, Cheryl Coleman, knew within thirty seconds that Ralph was mentally insane yet still did everything in her power to convict Ralph and sentence him to jail. It is understandable that she had to fulfil her duties as a prosecutor, but as a criminal justice system there must be a point where what is right overpowers the legal system of punishment. If not, this system will continue to run unet hically and ultimately lead to a corrupt and exploiting criminal justice system. In Canada alone there are approximately 403,000 criminal justice cases annually (Dauvergne, 2010) with aShow MoreRelatedEthics in Criminal Justice Administration1433 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration CJA 484 Lori Madison Nowhere is ethical behavior more important than the administration of criminal justice. Lack of ethical behavior undermines the purpose of the criminal justice system. The cost of unethical behavior will be the downfall of the criminal justice system and only by gaining a true understanding of what ethical behavior is and how to maintain it will the system continue to flourish. While the ethical standard individualsRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics : The Charter Of Rights And Freedoms Essay1405 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past 50 years the standards for justice professional has steadily increased. Before the Charter of Rights and Freedoms justice professionals were not expected to follow basic human right policies that exist now; there was no such thing as freedom of speech or innocent until proven guilty. Not to mention there was the divide between white and black, women and men, even children and adults. As time goes on, each generation tries to improve the next, so that their kids d on’t make the sameRead MoreThe Law Enforcement System And The Criminal Justice System Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Law enforcement system is one of the major components within the Criminal Justice System. According to the National Center for Victims of Crime (2008), The Law enforcement system plays a critical key role within the Criminal Justice system, since â€Å"Law enforcement officers take reports for crimes that happen in the area, then the officers investigate crimes and both gather and protect evidence, officers may arrest offenders, give testimony during the court process, and conduct follow up investigationsRead MoreI Will Surround Myself With Positive Relationships Outside The Work Setting1398 Words   |  6 Pageswithin in the field, and exposure to subcultures, and cynical perspectives of fellow officers which exist. It is imperative to develop and preserve relationships outside of work hours. This is to prolong the susceptibility to cynical perceptions of the system, and society itself that usually start to develop within the first 5 to 7 years on the job. It is extremely important to get the mind off the job, and focus on other aspects of life to achieve this. Having outside relationships is a key componentRead MoreEthics Is A Central Component Of The Way Things1313 Words   |  6 Pagesthose that are unethical. By creating a highly coordinated and stable society that will require a lot of ethical people by working together. Personal success or social stability or something greater is the key in religious traditions for eternal life. Some religious belief is that life’s good behavior leads to rewards in the next life. But in Ethics there are many different views on what is good or bad behavior, the choice is really up to the individual on how what is ethical and unethical. IntroductionRead MoreComparing China And The United States1401 Words   |  6 Pageswill always be certain rules and regulations everyone must follow. Different nations deal with crime in many different ways based on their beliefs, policies, principals, and culture perspectives. 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The areas I would like to touch on are; those areas in which the newly hired police officer, lawyer, and corrections officer my face. Having only the training he/she was given in their respectiveRead MoreCapital Punishment Deters Crime?876 Words   |  4 Pageswhether capital punishment deters crime? There are two types of deterrence theories that are stretched across statistical studies in the law of criminology. The first notable theory is known as â€Å"specific deterrence† it is exercised in order to stop a criminal offence from occurring in the future. The theory evaluates that when punished for an unlawful offence it is less likely of the perpetrator to commit the crime again. Another crucial theory is â€Å"retribution† in Gregg v. Georgia the Supreme C ourt claimed

The History of Establishment of Bank of Lebanon Free Essays

Following the downfall of the Ottoman Empire in September 1918, the Turkish Pound was replaced by a Sterling based Egyptian currency as legal tender in the states under the French and British mandate. The Egyptian Pound was issued by a private British institution, the National Bank of Egypt, and had been previously used by the British, since much of their supplies were from Egypt. After taking Lebanon and Syria under its mandate, the French government sought the substitution of the Egyptian currency in order to alleviate the burden on the French Government in covering its expenditures in Egyptian Pound, and to assert its independence from the British. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Establishment of Bank of Lebanon or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the use of the post war French Franc would have further exhausted the French Treasury. The alternative was to grant a commercial bank the exclusive right to issue a currency for the States under Mandate. The Banque de Syrie, a French company affiliate of the Ottoman bank, was established in 1919 with an initial capital of FF. 10 million, later increased to FF. 25.5 million. Of its 51 thousand shares, about 22% were owned by the Ottoman bank and 78% by French shareholders. 1924-1964: The Banque de Syrie et du Liban In January 1924, a convention was signed between the Banque de Syrie, and Lebanon and Syria as States under the French Mandate, following the constitution of their national government. As the political status of Lebanon evolved, the Banque de Syrie, which was to act as the official bank of the states under the French Mandate, was renamed the Banque de Syrie et du Liban (BSL). BSL was granted the following privileges by the 1924 Convention including: The sole right to issue the French-based-Lebanese-Syrian currency in Lebanon and Syria for 15 years, at FF. 20 to the pound. These could be redeemed at the main office in Paris or its branch in Marseilles. Special rights regarding securities pledged as loan guarantees The sole custody of government funds Preference for its services with local governments The issue of the Lebanese-Syrian currency were governed by the 1924 Convention and covered by: Gold and convertible foreign government bonds Mandatory French Franc interest earning deposits Other (optional) French Franc demand deposits Claims drawn on or guaranteed by the French government Two years before the expiry of the 1924 Convention, BSL’s privilege to note issue a Lebanese currency in Lebanon, separate from the Syrian currency, was extended for another 25 years by the 1937 Convention, ending in March 1964. The notes issued by BSL were no longer subject to a ceiling but were subject to an obligatory and optional coverage. They were of two series; one carrying the name â€Å"Lebanon† and the other â€Å"Syria†, but both could be used indiscriminately in either state. Although the currency was Lebanese in name, it remained a disguised French Franc, until 1941 when it was linked to the Sterling Pound after the defeat of France and the invasion of Lebanon by the allied forces. However, the coverage of the Lebanese Pounds issues was still in French Francs, which was constantly depreciating or devaluated. Lebanon was to collect any loss in the value of its assets in French Francs covering the issue of Lebanese notes by the Franco-British agreement of 1944. The corresponding burden on France and Lebanon’s will to achieve monetary independence, necessitated a dissociation between the Lebanese Pound and the French Franc. Following its independence in 1943, Lebanon concluded a monetary agreement with France in 1948 separating its national currency from the unstable French Franc, and asserted the independence of its monetary system by promulgating the Monetary Law of 1949.Concurrently, the distinction between the Issue Department and the Commercial Department was fully effected. In April 1963, a commercial bank, the Societe Nouvelle de la Banque de Syrie et du Liban s.a.l. was created to replace the Commercial Department, and in April 1964, the Issue Department was transformed into the Banque du Liban. Banque du Liban (BDL) was created by the Code of Money and Credit enacted by decree no. 13513 dated August 1, 1963. It started its effective operations on April 1, 1964. BDL is a legal entity of public law enjoying financial and administrative autonomy but is not subject to administrative regulations and supervisions applicable to the Public sector. Its initial capital was LL.15 million, an amount appropriated by the State. BDL is the sole custodian of public funds and is vested by law the exclusive privilege of issuing the national currency. BDL includes an administrative body and a managerial body, as well as other specialized entities. The Government Commissariat supervises it. As stipulated in article 70 of the Code of Money and Credit, the Banque du Liban (BDL) is mainly concerned with the safeguarding of the currency in order to ensure a basis for sustained social and economic growth. Its basic responsibilities specifically include: safeguarding the currency; maintaining economic stability; maintaining and safeguarding the soundness of the banking system; Developing the money and financial markets. To fulfill its major functions, BDL cooperates with the Government to ensure exchange rate stability, control liquidity, impose credit restrictions, and issue banking regulations. Cooperation with the Government involves coordination of fiscal and economic policy measures to ensure a certain harmony between its objectives and those of the Government, suggestions benefiting various economic variables to promote economic growth, and advice on issues regarding the Lebanese currency. Exchange rate stability entails the use of all measures BDL sees appropriate specifically intervention in the market to buy and sell foreign currencies. The control of liquidity involves changes in discount rates, loans granted to banks and financial institutions, intervention in the foreign exchange market, open market operations, imposition of reserve requirements on assets and/or liabilities as well as penalties for shortfalls in their formation, and/or the receipt of deposits from banks. It can also affect the volume of credit and the general credit situation by determining the volume of certain types of credits, credit granted for specific purposes, credit granted for specific sectors, and setting the terms and regulations of credits. BDL can issue regulations to ensure the soundness of the banking system. It can set, in consultation with the Lebanese Banks Association, regulations governing the relation of banks with their customers, and banks liquidity and capital adequacy. It has the power to regulate asset to liabilities ratios on all or selected banks to be met at a date specified by BDL. Banque du Liban (BDL), the central bank of the Republic of Lebanon, was created by virtue of Law No. 13513 dated August 1, 1963. Banque du Liban is a separate public legal entity – not a governmental department – and is vested with financial and administrative autonomy. The management of the BDL is undertaken by a Governor assisted by four Vice-Governors, all together constituting the Governorship of the BDL, as well as by a Central Board chaired by the Governor and composed of the Vice-Governors, the Director-General of the Ministry of Finance and the Director-General of the Ministry of Economy and Trade. The Banque du Liban is the sole custodian of public funds, supervises and regulates the banking system and is vested by law with the exclusive authority of issuing the national currency. The BDL†s primary role is to safeguard the currency and promote monetary stability, thereby creating a favorable environment for economic and social progress. The Banque du Liban also advises the Government on various economic and financial matters. In conducting its monetary management function, Banque du Liban utilizes a wide range of instruments, including reserve requirements on Lebanese Pound deposits with commercial banks, liquidity requirements on US Dollar deposits in commercial banks, Treasury Bill repurchase and swap agreements with commercial banks, as well as Lebanese Pound denominated certificates of deposits issued by the BDL. As a result of high inflation prior to 1992, the Lebanese economy became substantially dollarized. Since October 1992, monetary policy has been targeted at stabilizing the Lebanese Pound exchange rate and controlling the inflation rate and money growth. The return of confidence in monetary stability and the high returns on investment in LBP-denominated financial securities led to a significant decline of the dollarization of the economy and to a build up in foreign exchange reserves. The Banque du Liban is managed by the Governor who is assisted by four Vice-Governors, as well as by the Central Council. The Governor is the legal representative of the Banque du Liban, and has extensive authority on the management of the Bank. He is entrusted with the enforcement of the Code of Money and Credit, and the implementation of the Central Council’s resolutions. Upon the proposal of the Minister of Finance, the Governor is appointed by decree sanctioned by the Council of Ministers, for a renewable six- year term. After the consultation with the Governor and upon the proposal of the Minister of Finance, the Vice-Governors are appointed by decree sanctioned by the Council of Ministers for a renewable five-year term. They assist the Governor in managing the Bank, carrying out functions specified by the Governor. In addition, they assume their duties as members of the Central Council. The Central Council sets the monetary and credit policies of the Bank, including money supply, and discount and lending rates. It discusses and decides, among other things, on issues concerning the banking and financial sectors, the establishment of clearing houses, the issuing of currency and on loan requests by the public sector entities. The Council decides also on the rules and procedures that govern the staff and operations of the Bank, and on its annual budget and accounts. How to cite The History of Establishment of Bank of Lebanon, Essay examples

To Spare the Rod Reflections of Corporal Punishment free essay sample

Spare the Rod: Reflections of Corporal Punishment Benjamin Franklin was of a wise man, who expressed many unique aphorisms In Poor Richards Almanacs_ They related to his different outlook on life. And one of his aphorisms read: Spare the rod and spoil the child. I strongly disagree with the view expressed in this aphorism because I believe that physical punishment afflicted against children will only produce an aggressive and rebellious outcome.The assertion that Benjamin Franklins aphorism lies upon is that children will valve Into spoiled adults without the use of corporal punishment. This term has the meaning of Inflicting physical harm towards another being for their wrongdoing. Franklin holds a clear belief that children are bad, and commit bad things. In turn, they must be taught discipline and control in the form of corporal punishment. If not, then the children will carry down the path of doing whatever they please without any consequences to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on To Spare the Rod: Reflections of Corporal Punishment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They will ultimately be spoiled, and only care for their own needs. The fault behind Franklins aphorism can be demonstrated In the studies found by he American Psychological Association. They stated that the more often or harshly a child was hit, the more likely they are to be aggressive or to have mental health problems. This fact alone illustrates that it is both not healthy or effective in harming a child to make them behave. Corporal punishment on its own does not teach children right from wrong.Although it makes children afraid to disobey their parents, when the parents are not present, they will continue on to misbehave. There is a much more productive way In teaching kids orderliness and conduct than a beat or slap. Children deserve better treatment and love than that. Those who agree with Franklins belief share the same mindset that all children are fallacious and amiss. These supporters of Franklin insist on administering punishment against kids by physical means.Therefore, this affliction will teach them not to act in an inappropriate manner again. If nothing is done after a child commits an unsuitable action, then they will think it Is perfectly fine to do it yet again. This is crucial to utilize corporal punishment as a discipline technique. Evidently, there are many opinions to the question if corporal punishment is cogent or not. Ultimately, it only teaches that violence is an appropriate response to problems or frustrations with people.This can lead to a cycle of violence and damage in the childs future relationships. It will be more likely that children will become defiant and aggressive in the future. Many times a childs misbehaver is a result from a mistake in Judgment. We hope that our own mistakes serve as learning opportunities in turn, we need to apply this same idea to children. The right to physical safety and protection extends to soldiers, prisoners, and adults under the law. The most vulnerable among all, our children, must have the same right.

New England and Chesepeake Bay Colonies DBQ essays

New England and Chesepeake Bay Colonies DBQ essays In the period leading up to the 1700s, the New World experienced a vast separation between the many English settlers who had arrived there. The colonists of English origin parted and took different paths, one leading many to the Chesapeake Bay/Virginia area and another to the Massachusetts Bay Colony/New England territory. Although similar in origin, the New World settlers divided and evolved into two very distinct societies with varied ideals, morals, and ways of life. In the New England area religion was extremely important and dictated very much so how the colonists should act. In a letter from John Winthrop states the need for unity as we must be knit together in this work as one man (Winthrop, 1). Written on board the Arbella, Winthrop calls for each man to abridge himself for the supply of others necessities. This theme of unity and religion is also very apparent in the Articles of Agreement founded in 1636 in Springfield. The townsmen join in the belief that though some of them are rich and some poor, they all agree to share planting ground and see to it that all have suitable estates. As in Winthrops letter, the colonists agree to the number one article in which, through Gods grace, they may form a covenant and walk in all the ways of Christ (Springfield, 2). A religion-dominated institution is apparent, lastly, in Connecticut, especially in the Wage and Price Regulations. The settlers of this New England colony form a General Court where the most important objective is to [receive] such moderate profit as may enable them to serve God and their neighbors with their acts and trades...and do not enrich themselves (Connecticut, 3). Seen in all three documents is the theme of sacrificing ones self and living as a Christian to better others as Christ would. In contrast, the Virginia colony seemed to consist of more divided, gold-hungry settlers. U...

Exceptions for Hyphenating Compound Adjectives

Exceptions for Hyphenating Compound Adjectives Exceptions for Hyphenating Compound Adjectives Exceptions for Hyphenating Compound Adjectives By Maeve Maddox Sometimes readers ask for posts that would require superhuman powers on my part: Kindly produce an article containing all the exceptions for hyphenating compound adjectives, with examples. Hyphenation is not an exact science, and not all style guides agree on the rules. The chief purpose of hyphenating compound adjectives is to avoid ambiguity. Most modern usage authorities opt for what The Chicago Manual of Style calls â€Å"a spare hyphenation style†: 7. Spelling, Distinctive Treatment of Words, and Compounds In general, Chicago prefers a spare hyphenation style: if no suitable example or analogy can be found either in this section or in the dictionary, hyphenate only if doing so will aid readability. When Grammar Girl was chided for writing â€Å"noise canceling headphones† instead of â€Å"noise-canceling headphones,† she pointed out that leaving out the hyphen in that phrase â€Å"causes no ambiguity.† When one of my own readers called my attention to the unhyphenated phrase â€Å"19th century standardization of time† in a recent post, I decided to change it to â€Å"nineteenth-century standardization of time†- not because I think it ambiguous without a hyphen, but because Chicago is the style guide I’ve chosen for these posts. I failed to note that Chicago offers an analogy for hyphenating nineteenth-century before a noun: fourteenth-century monastery (7.85). Note: Chicago recommends spelling out numerals below 100, so I must also change 19th to nineteenth. The AP Stylebook, on the other hand, requires the spelling out of numerals ten and below. For AP, 19th century is correct. Still another stylebook, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation) offers this advice about hyphenating constructions like â€Å"nineteenth century standardization†: As important as hyphens are to clear writing, they can become an annoyance if overused. Avoid adding hyphens when the meaning is clear. Many phrases are so familiar (e.g.,  high school, twentieth century, one hundred percent) that they can go before a noun without risk of confusing the reader. Examples: a high school senior a twentieth century throwback one hundred percent correct Because practice varies, I wouldn’t begin to attempt to list â€Å"all the exceptions for hyphenating compound adjectives.† The best advice I can offer the reader who asked for such a list is this: Choose a style guide and follow its recommendations- advice I shall try to follow more carefully in future posts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Awoken or Awakened?Empathic or Empathetic?

Definition and Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Definition and Description - Essay Example This paper provides a detailed technical description regarding this gadget, alongwith visual illustrations, to help layman understand how it actually works. (http://asset2.cbsistatic.com/cnwk.1d/sc/32934833-2-300-SS16.jpg) External Dynamics Modern GPS devices installed have wide variety of features and fancy designs matching car interiors. With sleek and stylish dimensions, these systems add to the overall functionality and suavity of trendy vehicles. Normally, this navigation system uses multiple satellites spread across the sky and calculates variables from different points of references to estimate as close as possible the position of user. This is illustrated by diagram given below. This system is based on one-way time of arrival ranging phenomenon, whereby high atomic frequency signals are sent by satellites to synchronize with GPS time base. It is pivotal that the receiver and satellite both have powerful atomic clocks with synchronization capabilities up to nanoseconds. These electromagnetic radio waves have a traveling speed equivalent to speed of light, traveling at frequencies of L1 C/A and L2 P/Y and rate of 50 bits per second. Thus, time taken for one cycle of transmission and processing of one complete message is only 750 seconds. Signals are encoded through CDMA technology (Code Division Multiple Access) so that GPS deciphers the information and identifies one satellite from another due to unique encoding techniques. However, it is of utmost importance that vehicle has a clear view of the sky with no obstructions blocking the satellite transmissions. The functionality of GPS relies on three sectors. Space segment comprises the entire satellite orbital system being funded and managed by spatial authorities. Second segment is represented by control segment which carries out maintenance and monitoring of functionality of entire global positioning system through master control stations. Last segment is the user segment, which constitutes the usage of GPS system in consumer applications, military instruments and various day-to-day commonly used devices. (Kohli & Chen, 2000) Internal Mechanism GPS is based on a basic mathematical principle of trilateration: GPS must have information regarding location from three different satellite points and the distance of these satellites from current location. There are mainly three broad categories or components that form a car GPS mechanism. Inside the GPS, there is an inbuilt antenna receiver which receives the radio signals sent by satellites which contain information about timing to enable the GPS to compute the position as accurate as possible. The transmitted information has multiple sub-frames. The first sub-frame encodes time-based information like week number, day and time as well as information indicating the satellite’s health and signal strength. The second and third sub-frames feed data about the precise orbit of satellite. The fourth and fifth sub-frames carry status info rmation of the entire satellites network. The antenna demodulates the message to extract maximum accurate information from these frames and identifies each satellite through designated exclusive binary codes for each. The decoded information is transferred to the next division then for processing (Bajaj et al, 92-94). The cycle begins when the satellite and receiver simultaneously

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Paper - Essay Example To understand how these processes can be automated and what steps should be taken in order to increase the organizational efficiency, we need to understand the business processes and the key performance indicators that affect the organizational efficiency. The key performance indicators for the organization are listed below: Pricing: The interest rates fluctuate rapidly and the organization should quote newer rates whenever they are updated. These quotes are then quoted to the customer of the organization: mortgage brokers and real estate agents. Accommodating these quick changes and updating quotes is painstaking with current manual system of making an excel file (with pre-build calculations) and then printing and faxing them to the customers. Management of Interest Rate Locks: Interest Rates are to be booked or locked by the customer for the loan they are borrowing. Customer normally follows the interest rates market before making a decision to borrow or not. They may order a loan when the interest rate is the lowest; therefore, those bookings are very spontaneous and sudden in nature but needs to be accommodated. The locking is generated through an Information System but the records are stored and distributed to the borrower manually. Broker Relationship Management: The record of each broker’s performance is recorded in Excel files. ... Proposed changes for Information Technology Infrastructure After considering all the requirements and the modus operandi of the business, following changes are proposed: Implementation of a financial and accounting ERP that would record all the customer’s financial transactions in a centralized manner. This ERP will work in parallel with the Loan Origination software Implementation of a data warehouse that will be further aided with a reporting Business Intelligence Tool Implementation of a CRM that will provide all statistics about the customer Implementation of advanced Information Security mechanisms such as Honeypots and intrusions detection systems Improvements in current social marketing and networking mechanisms Case for ERP A financial small – scale ERP is a dire requirement for the organization since the loan origination software is not a complete package and cannot record transactions in totality. An ERP will be centralized software that will integrate operati ons of all the four branches namely Annapolis, Columbia, Towson and downtown Baltimore. In the initial phase, financial and accounting modules will be implemented that can be followed by other modules, if required. This ERP will use the same SQL Server 2005 database that is used for Loan Origination Application. At the start, the plan is to do pilot testing and use these implemented modules with the Loan Origination Application. For testing purposes, we will take a backup of this database and use it with the ERP. After the unit tests are successful we will use the live database with the ERP. The ERP will be a centralized application catering to all the four branches (more branches can